Command Reference

List directory contents

Change directory

Print working directory name

Copy files and directories

Move or rename files and directories

Make directories

Remove files or directories

Remove empty directories

Change file timestamps or create empty files

Concatenate and display file content

Print lines matching a pattern

Search for files in a directory hierarchy

Opposite of more; view file content paginated

Output the first part of files

Output the last part of files

Pattern scanning and processing language

Stream editor for filtering and transforming text

Sort lines of text files

Report or omit repeated lines

Print newline, word, and byte counts for each file

Compare files line by line

Change file mode bits (permissions)

Change file owner and group

Execute a command as another user (superuser)

Create a new user or update default new user information

Modify a user account

Delete a user account and related files

Update user`s authentication tokens (passwords)

Create a new group

Modify a group definition on the system

Print the groups a user is in

Print real and effective user and group IDs

Report a snapshot of current processes

Display Linux processes (dynamic)

Report file system disk space usage

Estimate file space usage

Display amount of free and used memory in the system

Print or set the system date and time

Print system information

Tell how long the system has been running

Show who is logged on

Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts

Show / manipulate routing, network devices, interfaces

OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program)

Secure copy (remote file copy program)

The non-interactive network downloader

Transfer data from or to a server

Another utility to investigate sockets

Package handling utility (Debian/Ubuntu)

GNU `tar` saves many files together into a single tape or disk archive, and can restore individual files from the archive.

Compress or expand files

Decompress files compressed by gzip

Send a signal to a process

Signal processes based on name and other attributes

Kill processes by name

List active jobs

Display command history

Bring a job to the foreground

Send a job to the background

Shut down or reboot the system

Reboot the system

Halt the system

Power off the system

Format and display the on-line manual pages

Read Info documents

Create an alias for a command

Remove an alias

Display a line of text

Format and print data

Delay for a specified amount of time

Read a line from standard input

Do nothing, successfully (exit with 0)

Do nothing, unsuccessfully (exit with 1)

Read from standard input and write to standard output and files

Refresh available package information from configured sources.

Upgrade installed packages to their newest versions.

Install new packages.

Remove packages.

Search for a package by name or description.

Control the systemd system and service manager

Query the systemd journal (logs)

Administration tool for IPv4 packet filtering and NAT

Administration tool for nftables (successor to iptables)

Uncomplicated Firewall - frontend for iptables

Interactive process viewer and system monitor

List open files and the processes that opened them